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Digital Therapeutic Content for Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Development and Evaluation Study.

Nicholas L Bormann¹, Alyssa Kalata¹, Stephan Arndt^2,3

¹Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, United States, 1 507-284-2511.

JMIR Formative Research

|May 7, 2026

Summary

Developing digital therapeutics for substance use disorders (SUDs) requires a structured, human-centered approach. This iterative process adapted existing materials, yielding understandable and actionable modules, though actionability varied.

Keywords:

addiction digital therapeutics mHealth mobile apps mobile health patient-centered care therapeutic content usability

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Area of Science:

Digital Health
Behavioral Science
Public Health

Background:

Substance use disorders (SUDs) present significant public health challenges, with limited uptake of evidence-based interventions.
Digital therapeutics offer a scalable solution to increase access to SUD treatment.
Current digital interventions often lack clinician involvement and rigorous development, necessitating validated patient-facing materials.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe and evaluate an iterative, interdisciplinary process for adapting print-based SUD treatment materials into digital therapeutic modules.
To assess if a human-centered development approach yields digital modules rated as understandable and actionable.

Main Methods:

Fourteen existing print modules were adapted for smartphone delivery by a team including licensed counselors with lived experience and a therapeutic specialist.
Content was restructured, language simplified, and actionability enhanced over a 6-month iterative process.
Modules were evaluated using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for printable materials (PEMAT-P).

Main Results:

Digital modules achieved high understandability (mean 87.2%) and actionability (mean 75.1%), exceeding the 70% benchmark.
While understandability was consistent, 35.7% of modules scored below the actionability threshold.
Aggregate scores masked variability, indicating that not all content types consistently achieved actionability.

Conclusions:

An iterative, human-centered process is valuable for developing digital SUD therapeutics.
While generally effective, the process requires refinement to ensure consistent actionability across all digital modules.
Incorporating patient feedback during development could further enhance the usability and effectiveness of digital interventions.