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Promoting Diabetes Self-Management Among Vietnamese Americans: Mixed Methods Pilot Study
Anna Nguyen1, Valerie Eschiti1, Thanh C Bui1
1University of Oklahoma Health Campus, 1100 N. Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, United States, 1 4052711491 ext 49183.
JMIR Diabetes
|May 7, 2026
Summary
This study evaluated a culturally tailored Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) program for Vietnamese Americans. The BALANCE intervention showed feasibility and acceptability, improving cholesterol and exercise but not A1c.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Disparities
- Diabetes Management
Background:
- Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) programs improve health outcomes.
- Language and cultural barriers limit DSMES access for Vietnamese Americans.
- Culturally tailored interventions are needed to address these disparities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the Blended Automated Links Augmented by Nurse Call and Engagement (BALANCE) intervention.
- To deliver culturally tailored DSMES in Vietnamese to Vietnamese American adults with type 2 diabetes.
- To assess sustained effects on health outcomes over 12 months.
Main Methods:
- Explanatory sequential mixed methods design guided by the PRISM framework.
- Pilot single-arm, prospective interventional trial with 88 Vietnamese American adults.
- Quantitative data collected via surveys (baseline, 3-month intervals over 12 months); qualitative data from interviews and focus groups.
Main Results:
- Intervention was feasible (83% clinic participation, 100% clinic retention) and acceptable (90.9% patient retention).
- Significant reductions in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and improvements in exercise performance observed.
- No significant change in glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c); 80% of patients found the intervention convenient and helpful.
Conclusions:
- The BALANCE intervention is feasible and acceptable for Vietnamese Americans with type 2 diabetes.
- Further refinement is needed for consistent glycemic control.
- Future research should involve a randomized controlled trial to confirm effectiveness.
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