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In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation
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Spatiotemporal analysis reveals distinct inflammatory programs underlying chronic colitis.

Jennifer Fransson1, Chiara Sorini1, Francisca Castillo1

  • 1Division of Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute and University Hospital, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden; Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center of Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64, Solna, Sweden.

Immunity
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals conserved inflammatory pathways in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) using advanced transcriptomic analysis in mouse models. Findings highlight neutrophil-associated inflammation and cytokine signaling as key targets for future IBD therapies.

Keywords:
cell circuitrycell dynamicschronic colitisepithelial antigen presentationinflammatory bowel diseasesmurine modelneutrophilssingle-cell RNA-seqspatial transcriptomicstertiary lymphoid structures

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Immunology
  • Molecular Biology and Genetics

Background:

  • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) presents a significant clinical challenge due to resistance to conventional immunomodulatory treatments.
  • Understanding the complex interplay between immune, epithelial, and stromal cells during IBD pathogenesis is crucial for developing effective therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying IBD initiation and progression.
  • To identify conserved inflammatory pathways and spatial heterogeneity in disease models and human IBD datasets.
  • To create a high-resolution spatiotemporal atlas to guide therapeutic strategies for IBD.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized T cell transfer and Il10-deficient spontaneous colitis mouse models.
  • Integrated bulk, single-cell, and spatial transcriptomic analyses over time.
  • Compared murine transcriptional data with human IBD patient datasets.

Main Results:

  • Mouse models recapitulated key features of chronic inflammation, including neutrophil infiltration and impaired tissue regeneration.
  • Neutrophil-associated inflammation and cytokine signaling were identified as conserved pathways across species.
  • Discovered spatial heterogeneity in inflammatory modules and three distinct gene programs with differential distributions, including tertiary lymphoid structures.

Conclusions:

  • The integrated spatiotemporal atlas provides a comprehensive view of IBD pathogenesis.
  • Conserved pathways offer promising targets for novel immunomodulatory treatments in IBD.
  • These findings will facilitate the optimization of therapeutic strategies for patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.