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[Clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma transformed into
1Department of Hematology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
Abstract:
To analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of patients with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma transformed into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A retrospective analysis was performed on patients diagnosed with MALT lymphoma at Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2025. According to whether DLBCL transformation occurred, the patients were divided into the transformed group (MALT lymphoma patients who developed DLBCL transformation) and the non-transformed group. The patients were followed up until December 30, 2025, and the clinical and genetic characteristics were compared between the two groups. A total of 175 patients were included, including 13 patients in the transformation group, 4 males and 9 females, aged (58±18) years; and 162 pattients in the non-transformed group, 73 males and 89 females, aged (57±12) years.The incidence of B symptoms in the transformed group [46.2% (6/13) vs 16.7% (27/162), P=0.018], the proportion with a MALT-international prognostic index (IPI) score≥2 point [69.2% (9/13) vs 17.3% (28/162), P<0.001], and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels [227 (194, 262) vs 173 (146, 196) U/L, P<0.001] were all higher than those in the non-transformed group. The mutation rate of gene in the transformed group [84.6% (11/13) vs 45.7% (74/162), P=0.007] and the mutation rate of ≥2 genes [69.2% (9/13) vs 17.3% (28/162), P<0.001] were both higher than those in the non-transformed group. The mutation rates of the NOTCH1 gene [23.1% (3/13) vs 3.7% (6/162), P=0.021], the SOCS1 gene [15.4% (2/13) vs 0, P=0.005], and the KRAS gene [15.4% (2/13) vs 0, P=0.005] were all higher in the transformed group than those in the non-transformed group. Patients with MALT lymphoma who transformed to DLBCL are often accompanied by B symptoms, a higher MALT-IPI score, elevated LDH and multiple gene mutations, and the mutation frequencies of NOTCH1, SOCS1, and KRAS are higher.
