Management of Severe Cavovarus and Equinocavovarus Deformities Using Hexapod External Fixation

Traditional reconstructive surgery for severe equinocavovarus or cavovarus deformities has disadvantages, especially in patients with complex multiaxial deformities or scar tissue, including neurologic and vascular injury after acute correction, soft tissue complications, deep infection, over or undercorrection, and shortening of the foot. Moreover, newer software-guided hexapod multiplanar systems have allowed precise 3 dimensional corrections. Distraction osteogenesis and joint angular correction are the main methods of correction associated with additional limited soft tissue procedures. The authors provide a review of the main indications, surgical strategies, and technical tips for correcting these complex deformities using hexapod ring fixation.