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Related Concept Videos

Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Stem Cell Culture01:17

Stem Cell Culture

Stem cell research aims to find ways to use stem cells to regenerate and repair cellular damage. Over time, most adult cells undergo the wear and tear of aging and lose their ability to divide and repair themselves. Stem cells do not display a particular morphology or function. Adult stem cells, which exist as a small subset of cells in most tissues, keep dividing and can differentiate into a number of specialized cells generally formed by that tissue. These cells enable the body to renew and...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...

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Age-related decline in niche self-renewal factors drives testis aging via Hairless, Imp, and Chinmo.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Competitive Transplants to Evaluate Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fitness
08:53

Competitive Transplants to Evaluate Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fitness

Published on: August 31, 2016

Stem cell competition.

Erika A Bach1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell competition drives stem cell turnover and tissue shaping. This review explores how fitness differences between cells influence stem cell behavior in Drosophila and mammals, impacting aging and cancer risk.

Keywords:
Biased competitionBone morphogenetic proteinChinmoDrosophilaEgfrGermline stem cellHedgehogHippoJAK-STATMAPKNeutral competitionNicheRasSocs36ESomatic stem cellStem cell competitionSupercompetitorTestisZfh1

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Clonal Analysis of Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Precursors Using Single Cell Index Sorting Combined with Endothelial Cell Niche Co-culture
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Clonal Analysis of Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Precursors Using Single Cell Index Sorting Combined with Endothelial Cell Niche Co-culture

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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Competitive Transplants to Evaluate Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fitness
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Competitive Transplants to Evaluate Hematopoietic Stem Cell Fitness

Published on: August 31, 2016

Clonal Analysis of Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Precursors Using Single Cell Index Sorting Combined with Endothelial Cell Niche Co-culture
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Clonal Analysis of Embryonic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Precursors Using Single Cell Index Sorting Combined with Endothelial Cell Niche Co-culture

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A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations
09:34

A Combinatorial Single-cell Approach to Characterize the Molecular and Immunophenotypic Heterogeneity of Human Stem and Progenitor Populations

Published on: October 25, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell competition is a conserved biological process where fitter cells eliminate less-fit neighbors.
  • This process is crucial for development, tissue homeostasis, and disease progression.
  • Stem cell compartments are key sites where cell competition influences tissue dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize the principles of cell competition within stem cell compartments.
  • To highlight mechanisms linking cellular processes to competitive fitness.
  • To compare cell competition in Drosophila models with mammalian systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cell competition in stem cell niches.
  • Focus on the adult Drosophila testis as a model system.
  • Comparison of intra- and inter-lineage competition mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Neutral competition in Drosophila testes provides a baseline for stem cell turnover.
  • Genetic perturbations can bias competition, favoring specific clones.
  • Mechanisms involve signaling, proliferation, adhesion, and niche remodeling.

Conclusions:

  • Cell competition is a fundamental driver of stem cell dynamics.
  • Understanding cell competition in models like Drosophila informs mammalian stem cell biology.
  • Stem cell competition is implicated in aging, clonal evolution, and cancer risk.