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Related Concept Videos

Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...
Spermatogenesis01:22

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is a complex process that involves the development of sperm cells from undifferentiated stem cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes. The process is essential for the production of mature and functional sperm cells that are capable of fertilizing an egg.
The process of spermatogenesis can be divided into mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis. During mitosis, the spermatogonia or stem cells divide to produce two identical daughter cells, type A and B spermatogonia. Type-A...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
09:40

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

Published on: February 6, 2018

Protein synthesis during mouse spermatogenesis.

Lele Yang1, Kun Hou1, Tin-Lap Lee2

  • 1Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Center for Development and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, P.R. China.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Translational regulation is crucial for spermatogenesis, controlling protein synthesis and cell fate. Disruptions in RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and translation regulators can cause male infertility by affecting specific stages of sperm development.

Keywords:
AKT-mTORC1Cell fate determinationDifferentiationMeiosisProtein kinase AProtein synthesisSelf-renewalSpermatogenesisSpermatogonial stem cellsSpermiogenesis

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Enrichment of Pachytene Spermatocytes and Spermatids from Mouse Testes Using Standard Laboratory Equipment

Published on: September 17, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
09:40

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

Published on: February 6, 2018

Step-specific Sorting of Mouse Spermatids by Flow Cytometry
06:31

Step-specific Sorting of Mouse Spermatids by Flow Cytometry

Published on: December 31, 2015

Enrichment of Pachytene Spermatocytes and Spermatids from Mouse Testes Using Standard Laboratory Equipment
10:22

Enrichment of Pachytene Spermatocytes and Spermatids from Mouse Testes Using Standard Laboratory Equipment

Published on: September 17, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Spermatogenesis involves mitosis, meiosis, and spermiogenesis, with gene expression regulation critical for cell fate.
  • Uncoupled transcription and translation are conserved in spermatogenesis, highlighting the role of translational control.
  • Aberrant protein synthesis due to mutations in RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and translation regulators leads to stage-specific defects and male infertility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the general features of protein synthesis during spermatogenesis.
  • To analyze how differential signaling pathways and intracellular factors regulate proteomic landscapes in spermatogenic cells.
  • To explore the largely unclear mechanisms of cell type-specific translation regulation during spermatogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on spermatogenesis and protein synthesis.
  • Analysis of aberrant protein synthesis in mouse models.
  • Examination of signaling pathways and intracellular factors involved in translational control.

Main Results:

  • Translational regulation dynamically shapes the proteomic landscape of spermatogenic cells.
  • Mutations in RBPs and translation regulators have detrimental, stage-specific effects on spermatogenesis.
  • Post-transcriptional and translational regulation offer advantages in cellular response, coordination, and protein control.

Conclusions:

  • Translational regulation is a fundamental mechanism for cell fate determination during spermatogenesis.
  • Understanding cell type-specific translation is key to addressing male infertility.
  • Future research will elucidate the principles governing proteome maintenance during development and disease.