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Related Concept Videos

Open and closed-loop control systems01:17

Open and closed-loop control systems

Control systems are foundational elements in automation and engineering. They are broadly categorized into open-loop and closed-loop systems. These classifications hinge on the presence or absence of feedback mechanisms, significantly influencing the system's performance, complexity, and application.
An open-loop control system operates without feedback from the output. It consists of two primary elements: the controller and the controlled process. The controller receives an input signal and...
Control Systems01:10

Control Systems

Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
At the heart...
Controller Configurations01:22

Controller Configurations

Controller configurations are crucial in a car's cruise control system because they manage speed over time to maintain a consistent pace regardless of road conditions, thereby meeting design goals. In traditional control systems, fixed-configuration design involves predetermined controller placement. System performance modifications are known as compensation.
Control-system compensation involves various configurations, most commonly series or cascade compensation, in which the controller aligns...
One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations01:19

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations

The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant, half-life,...
Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Bolus Administration01:18

Two-Compartment Open Model: IV Bolus Administration

The two-compartment model for intravenous (IV) bolus administration illustrates drug distribution in the body, subdividing it into central and peripheral compartments. This model operates on the concept of two-compartment kinetics. The drug's plasma concentration shows a bi-exponential decline following IV bolus administration, signaling the presence of two disposition processes: distribution and elimination.
The disparity between drug input and the sum of drug transfer rates between...
One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: Estimation of Clearance00:56

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: Estimation of Clearance

Clearance is a key pharmacokinetic parameter that quantifies the volume of body fluid from which a drug is entirely removed within a specific time frame. It is crucial in assessing how a drug is eliminated from the body and has critical clinical applications.
In the one-compartment open model for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, clearance is estimated by dividing the elimination rate by the plasma drug concentration. This equation leverages the elimination rate constant and the apparent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

The Automatic Correction Boluses in an Advanced Hybrid Closed-Loop System: Algorithm Performance and Clinical

Giuseppe Papa1, Rossella Cannarella2, Concetta Finocchiaro1

  • 1Unit of Metabolic and Endocrine Disease, "Centro Catanese di Medicina e Chirurgia" Clinic, Catania, Italy.

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Automatic correction boluses (ABs) are a significant part of insulin delivery in advanced hybrid closed-loop systems. Higher AB use is linked to worse glucose control, but specific thresholds may help optimize system performance.

Keywords:
advanced hybrid closed loopautomatic correction bolusesglycemic controlinsulin pump therapytype 1 diabetes mellitususer behavior

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Diseases
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Automatic correction boluses (ABs) are integral to advanced hybrid closed-loop systems for type 1 diabetes management.
  • The precise clinical significance and impact of ABs on glycemic control require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the contribution of ABs to overall insulin delivery in users of the MiniMed 780G system.
  • To investigate factors influencing AB usage and their association with glycemic outcomes.
  • To identify potential thresholds for AB contribution related to optimal glycemic control.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and insulin delivery data from 287 individuals with type 1 diabetes using the MiniMed 780G system.
  • Quantification of ABs as a percentage of total daily insulin dose (TDD) and total bolus insulin.
  • Multivariate regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses to assess associations with demographic, device, and lifestyle factors.

Main Results:

  • ABs constituted 18.3% of TDD and 33.1% of total bolus insulin.
  • Higher AB/TDD ratios were observed in pediatric participants and inversely correlated with diabetes duration and automated insulin delivery (AID) use.
  • Increased AB/TDD was associated with poorer glycemic control, including lower time in range (TIR) and higher glucose variability (GV) and glucose management indicator (GMI).
  • Specific AB/TDD thresholds (≤20.3% for TIR >70%, ≤18.6% for GMI <7%) demonstrated predictive value.

Conclusions:

  • ABs represent a substantial portion of insulin delivery in MiniMed 780G users.
  • A higher proportion of ABs in total insulin delivery is linked to suboptimal glycemic outcomes.
  • Established AB/TDD thresholds may aid clinicians in optimizing advanced hybrid closed-loop system settings for improved patient outcomes.