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Updated: May 9, 2026
In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data
Published on: April 18, 2019
Characteristics of match-related head injuries in professional women's football: A prospective cohort study
Sebastian Gautland Nuri1, Sara Christina Dahlén2, John Bjørneboe3
1Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Norway; Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Norway.
Objectives:
This study aimed to describe the incidence, severity, burden, and mechanisms of three different match-related head injury categories in professional women's football.
Design:
Prospective observational cohort study.
Methods:
Match-related head injuries in the Norwegian Women's Premier League were identified by video analysis and reports from team-physiotherapists. The Modified Happy Concussion Questionnaire was used to interview injured players. Incidence rates, severity, burden, and injury mechanisms were presented for three categories: match-related head injuries, suspected sports-related concussions and diagnosed sports-related concussions.
Results:
Fourteen head injuries were included from a total of 135 matches and 246 players. Across the three injury categories, incidence rates and burden ranged from 0.7 (95% confidence interval: -0.1 to 1.4) to 3.1 (95% confidence interval: 1.5 to 4.8) and 21.1 (95% confidence interval: 20.3 to 21.9) to 32.3 (95% confidence interval: 30.7 to 34.0) per 1000 h of match play, respectively. Across all categories, median severity ranged from 6 (interquartile range: 2.5 to 7.5) to 9 (interquartile range: 7 to 78) days of time loss. Player-to-player contact was the main injury mechanism for match-related head injuries and suspected sports-related concussions, while ball-to-head impact caused most diagnosed sports-related concussions.
Conclusions:
Incidence rates varied depending on head injury inclusion criteria. Broader inclusion criteria identified a greater number of head injuries (match-related head injuries and suspected sports-related concussions), predominantly associated with shorter time loss and player-to-player contact. Conversely, stricter criteria (diagnosed sports-related concussions) captured fewer injuries characterized by longer time loss and a higher proportion of ball-to-head impacts.
