Exploring a comprehensive knowledge map for bridge management research: a Delphi-enhanced scientometric analysis

Bridge infrastructure worldwide is aging, while demands for safety, sustainability, and cost-efficiency intensify challenges in bridge management (BM). This study develops a comprehensive knowledge map of BM through scientometric analysis, clarifying its intellectual structure, technological frontiers, and emerging themes. Using CiteSpace, 1582 peer-reviewed articles (2003-2024) from the Web of Science Core Collection were analyzed, with keywords and gaps refined via a Delphi process involving five senior experts. Scientometric techniques-including co-citation, cluster mapping, citation bursts, and keyword time-zone analysis-were employed to trace field evolution. Results reveal three stages: exploratory (2003-2009), steady growth (2010-2016), and digital transformation (2017-2024). Ten thematic clusters emerged, spanning intelligent management, hybrid decision-making, inspection technologies, and life-cycle sustainability. Research hotspots highlight digital twins, machine learning, condition assessment, and structural health monitoring. Five evidence-informed future priorities were identified: integrated AI-driven frameworks, hybrid decision models, network-level inspection planning, sustainability-oriented life-cycle assessment, and robust resilience modeling. Co-authorship and institutional collaboration networks further reveal global hubs shaping BM knowledge exchange. This study provides an updated mapping of BM, offering a structured agenda that links quantitative evidence with practical directions for advancing intelligent, sustainable, and risk-resilient BM.