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Related Concept Videos

Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method
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Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Published on: August 2, 2021

Stable depression subtypes identified using functional connectome normative deviation models and their response to

Chengfeng Chen1,2,3, Liyuan Lin4, Yuan Liu1,5

  • 1Institute of Mental Health, Tianjin Anding Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.

Molecular Psychiatry
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified two distinct depression subtypes using brain connectivity patterns. Only one subtype showed significant improvement in anhedonia after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), paving the way for targeted depression treatments.

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MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
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Published on: August 11, 2015

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method
07:12

Individualized rTMS Treatment for Depression using an fMRI-Based Targeting Method

Published on: August 2, 2021

MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder
08:20

MRI-guided dmPFC-rTMS as a Treatment for Treatment-resistant Major Depressive Disorder

Published on: August 11, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Depression's heterogeneity complicates treatment efficacy.
  • Identifying stable biological subtypes is crucial for precision medicine in depression.
  • Functional connectome normative deviation models offer a novel approach to subtype identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify stable depression subtypes using functional connectome normative deviation.
  • To assess subtype-specific responses to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS).
  • To investigate neurobiological mechanisms underlying differential rTMS responsiveness.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of functional connectome data from 1204 depression patients and 1636 healthy controls.
  • Derivation of normative models from controls to generate individual deviation maps for patients.
  • K-means clustering of deviation maps to identify biologically informed depression subtypes.
  • Evaluation of subtype-specific response to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex rTMS, focusing on anhedonia improvement.

Main Results:

  • Two reproducible depression subtypes were identified based on distinct patterns of hyperconnectivity and hypoconnectivity.
  • Subtype-2, characterized by specific network connectivity, showed significant improvement in anhedonia following rTMS, unlike Subtype-1.
  • Connectome deviation patterns correlating with Subtype-2 predicted better anhedonia improvement, while those closer to Subtype-1 showed less improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct, reproducible depression subtypes can be identified using functional connectome normative deviation models.
  • Subtype-2 demonstrates differential responsiveness to rTMS, particularly for anhedonia symptoms.
  • These findings support the potential for subtype-targeted interventions in depression, warranting further validation in larger trials.