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Updated: May 9, 2026

Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents
Published on: February 15, 2014
How I do it: Image-based robot-assisted deep brain stimulation under general anesthesia
Pedro Roldan1,2, Alvaro Bedoya3,4, Alejandra Mosteiro1,2
1Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Background:
Robotic assistance has been introduced in deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery to enhance stereotactic accuracy and workflow reproducibility.
Methods:
We describe a step-by-step technique for robot-assisted DBS implantation using the Neuromate® system, integrating frame-based head fixation, image-based planning, robotic guidance, and intraoperative 3D imaging for accuracy verification.
Conclusion:
This workflow prioritizes anatomical precision, procedural reproducibility, and intraoperative verification, providing a fully image-based alternative to conventional physiological mapping strategies.

