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Related Experiment Videos

Quantifying ergonomic challenges for urologists operating flexible ureteroscopes through artificial

Satoshi Kobayashi1, Keiji Tsukino2,3, Mikifumi Koura2,3

  • 1Department of Urology, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan. kobayashi.satoshi.282@m.kyushu-u.ac.jp.

World Journal of Urology
|May 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Related Concept Videos

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination01:28

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...

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This summary is machine-generated.

Expert surgeons exhibit superior ergonomics during flexible ureteroscopy, utilizing an AI posture analysis. This study highlights improved efficiency and reduced strain, while identifying persistent risks to the wrist and elbow for all surgeons.

Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Surgical Technology
  • Ergonomics

Background:

  • Flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) presents ergonomic challenges for surgeons.
  • Objective assessment of surgeon posture during FURS is lacking.
  • Robot-assisted ureteroscopy is a potential advancement in stone treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantitatively assess surgeon operative posture during transurethral ureteroscopy using AI.
  • To identify kinematic differences in posture related to surgical expertise.
  • To evaluate the ergonomic implications of FURS.

Main Methods:

  • Urologists of varying expertise performed standardized FURS tasks in a simulated environment.
  • An AI-based pose estimation system analyzed video recordings of upper-body movements.
Keywords:
Artificial intelligenceUreteroscopesUrinary calculiUrinary tract

Related Experiment Videos

  • Kinematic parameters including joint coordinates, travel distance, and movement areas were compared between expert and novice surgeons.

    • Main Results:

    • Experts demonstrated significantly faster task completion times.
    • Experts exhibited reduced accumulated travel distance and smaller movement areas at key joints (shoulders, elbows, wrists).
    • Experts showed narrower angle fluctuation ranges, indicating more controlled movements.

    Conclusions:

    • AI-based posture analysis objectively confirms ergonomic benefits of surgical expertise in FURS.
    • The study identifies persistent ergonomic risks, particularly to the wrist and elbow, during FURS.
    • Findings provide objective data to inform the development of improved surgical techniques and tools for FURS.