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Related Concept Videos

Capacitors01:15

Capacitors

Capacitors play a crucial role in car radios, where they filter and store frequencies to ensure clear signal reception. Essentially serving as energy storage devices, capacitors store energy within their electric field and are composed of two parallel conducting plates separated by a dielectric.
When a voltage source is connected to a capacitor, positive and negative charges accumulate on the opposite plates. This accumulation generates a potential difference that equals the product of the...
Capacitor With A Dielectric01:18

Capacitor With A Dielectric

Parallel plate capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by a certain distance. However, it is mechanically difficult to hold the large plates parallel to each other without actual contact. Hence, a dielectric layer is commonly placed between the plates, which provides an easy solution for holding the plates together with a small gap and increases the capacitance of the capacitor.
Dielectrics are non-conducting materials with no free or loosely bound electrons. When a dielectric is...
Spherical and Cylindrical Capacitor01:26

Spherical and Cylindrical Capacitor

A spherical capacitor consists of two concentric conducting spherical shells of radii R1 (inner shell) and R2 (outer shell). The shells have equal and opposite charges of +Q and −Q, respectively. For an isolated conducting spherical capacitor, the radius of the outer shell can be considered to be infinite.
Conventionally, considering the symmetry, the electric field between the concentric shells of a spherical capacitor is directed radially outward. The magnitude of the field, calculated by...
Capacitor in an AC Circuit01:23

Capacitor in an AC Circuit

A capacitor is charged by passing an electric current through it, which causes the plates to start accumulating an electrostatic charge. Since the strength of the charging current is maximum when the capacitor plates are uncharged and gradually decreases exponentially until the capacitor is fully charged, the charging process is neither instantaneous nor linear. The property of a capacitor to store a charge on its plates is called its capacitance.
Consider a purely capacitive circuit consisting...
Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor01:31

Dielectric Polarization in a Capacitor

The presence of a dielectric medium in a capacitor not only changes the voltage and capacitance but also affects the electric field. In general, dielectrics can be of two types: polar and nonpolar. In a polar dielectric, the positive and negative charges in the molecules are separated by a distance and hence have a permanent dipole moment. In contrast, no such charge separation exists in a nonpolar dielectric, however the nonpolar molecules get polarized in the presence of an external electric...
Capacitors and Capacitance01:18

Capacitors and Capacitance

A device consisting of two electrical conductors that are separated by a distance and used to store electrical charges is called a capacitor. The space between the conductors is either a vacuum or an insulating material, called a dielectric. Capacitors have many applications, ranging from filtering static from radio reception to energy storage in heart defibrillators.
When the conductors are two identical parallel plates, it is called a parallel plate capacitor. When battery terminals are...

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Updated: May 9, 2026

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
12:00

Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System

Published on: January 7, 2022

Crystallinity-Engineered Three-Dimensional Graphitic Carbon Tube Grids as Load-Tolerant Electrodes for AC

Pei Li1,2, Fangming Han1,2, Dou Lin1,2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineered graphitic carbon tubes overcome electronic conduction limits in electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs). This improves AC line-filtering performance by enhancing charge transport and decoupling capacitance from phase angle.

Keywords:
3D graphitic carbon tube gridelectric double‐layer capacitorshigh conductivityline filtering

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Evaluating the Electrochemical Properties of Supercapacitors using the Three-Electrode System
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A Dual-Functional Electroactive Filter Towards Simultaneously Sb(III) Oxidation and Sequestration
08:34

A Dual-Functional Electroactive Filter Towards Simultaneously Sb(III) Oxidation and Sequestration

Published on: December 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Three-dimensionally (3D) architected carbons with oriented nanopores are promising for AC line-filtering electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs).
  • Insufficient electronic conduction at high electrode loading is a key limitation for these devices.
  • Existing materials face challenges in maintaining performance due to structural collapse and granulation during fabrication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a highly conductive 3D graphitic carbon tube grid (3D-GCTG) for improved EDLC performance.
  • To elucidate and resolve structural instability issues during the synthesis of 3D carbon structures.
  • To demonstrate the impact of crystallinity on the electrochemical performance of 3D carbon electrodes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a 3D graphitic carbon tube grid (3D-GCTG) using a 3D nickel nanorod grid (3D-NiNRG) as a template and catalyst.
  • Crystallinity engineering of the carbon material to enhance electronic conductivity.
  • Characterization of structural integrity and electrochemical performance, including frequency response and areal capacitance.

Main Results:

  • A fully interconnected, well-graphitized carbon network was achieved by addressing structural collapse in the NiNRG template.
  • The 3D-GCTG exhibited significantly enhanced frequency response compared to non-graphitized counterparts with identical structures.
  • The material achieved a high areal capacitance of 3.77 mF cm⁻² with a phase angle below -80° at 120 Hz even at 40 µm thickness.

Conclusions:

  • Crystallinity engineering of 3D carbon materials is crucial for enhancing electronic transport and overcoming performance limitations in EDLCs.
  • The developed 3D-GCTG offers a load-tolerant electrode solution, effectively decoupling areal capacitance from phase angle.
  • This approach provides a versatile platform for high-performance AC-filtering EDLCs by addressing the capacitance-response trade-off.