[The care of patients after hazardous materials incidents]

When treating patients involved in hazardous materials (HazMat) incidents, rapid action is essential to stop exposure and provide appropriate care. Uncertainty about secondary exposure, however, may lead to unnecessary protective measures and delayed treatment. A clear distinction between exposure and contamination is crucial. Decontamination is only indicated when hazardous substances remain present on the patient's skin, hair, or clothing; it is not required after isolated ingestion or inhalation without skin involvement. Available evidence shows that the risk from secondary exposure of healthcare providers is very low. In most situations outside the source area, standard personal protective equipment (PPE: gloves and apron, supplemented with FFP2 mask and eye protection when particulate matter is involved) provides sufficient protection to safely perform triage and lifesaving interventions. More extensive PPE may be considered during prolonged decontamination procedures or large-scale incidents. Early communication and consultation with hazardous materials advisors support a proportional and safe approach to patient care.