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Updated: May 9, 2026

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children
Published on: March 1, 2019
County variations in child maltreatment risk and service responses during and post the COVID-19 pandemic: a
Liwei Zhang1, Patricia L Kohl2,3, Jana Leigh Woodiwiss1
1School of Social Work, University of Georgia, Athens, USA.
Abstract:
Using a mixed-methods design, this study examines changes in child maltreatment risk and service delivery from pre- to post-pandemic, focusing on county-to-county variations. Administrative data from Missouri were analyzed to assess county-level differences, with interviews of service providers (n = 15) and parents (n = 9) to contextualize the quantitative findings. Reports and service delivery declined during COVID-19 and, despite some rebound, remained below pre-pandemic levels. Declines were greatest in high-poverty counties, those with larger Black/African American populations, and rural areas. Qualitative data highlighted disrupted surveillance systems, expanded supports reducing reports, and concerns about disproportionate reporting of Black/African American families.
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