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Respiratory risks of microplastics and nanoplastics: Where? What? How?
Yaxin Guo1,2, Yao Guo3, Xingde Du3
1Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China.
Innovation (Cambridge (Mass.))
|May 8, 2026
Summary
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) pose risks to respiratory health, causing lung injury through oxidative stress and inflammation. Further research is crucial for protective strategies against these persistent pollutants.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Toxicology
- Pulmonology
Background:
- Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are widespread environmental pollutants.
- Growing concerns exist regarding their impact on human respiratory health.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review epidemiological and experimental evidence on the respiratory toxicity of MPs and NPs.
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying MP and NP-induced lung injury.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of existing literature.
- Analysis of epidemiological data and experimental findings.
- Examination of molecular pathways and cellular responses.
Main Results:
- MP and NP exposure is linked to pneumonia, COPD, asthma, and lung injury.
- Key mechanisms include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ER stress.
- MPs and NPs induce inflammation, barrier disruption, fibrosis, and DNA damage.
Conclusions:
- MPs and NPs present significant respiratory health risks.
- Oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis are central to their toxicity.
- Urgent need for further research and protective strategies.
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