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Reconstruction of Facial Soft Tissue Defects in Dark Skin: A Cross-sectional Study
Albra Kamal1, Momen Mohamed2, Amin Yassin2
1From the Department of plastic surgery, Atbara Teaching Hospital, River Nile State, Sudan.
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open
|May 8, 2026
Summary
Facial reconstruction surgery in Sudan addressed acquired soft tissue defects, primarily from trauma and skin cancers. Reconstruction using flaps like the nasolabial flap proved effective, with infection being the main complication.
Area of Science:
- Plastic Surgery
- Dermatology
- Oncology
Background:
- Facial integrity is crucial for communication and social interaction.
- Acquired facial deformities, often from trauma, necessitate reconstructive surgery.
- Facial surgery in Africa faces unique challenges and considerations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate acquired facial soft tissue defects in Sudan.
- To analyze reconstructive surgery techniques for these defects.
- To assess outcomes and complications in a Sudanese population.
Main Methods:
- Descriptive retrospective analysis of a multicenter, hospital-based study.
- Inclusion of patients with facial defects from trauma and skin pathology.
- Review of reconstructive surgical procedures and flap techniques.
Main Results:
- 85 patients studied; 51.7% female, 41.8% male.
- Cheek (29.4%), eyelid (21.2%), and lip (21.2%) were most affected areas.
- Malignant nonmelanoma skin cancers (87.5%) were prevalent; nasolabial flap (9.4%) was common; infection rate was 11.7%.
Conclusions:
- Surgical reconstruction is vital for facial deformities, even in darker skin tones.
- Primary repair is ideal when satisfactory results are achievable.
- While reconstructive surgery is safe on dark skin, other techniques carry higher complication risks.
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