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Recent advances in π-conjugated organic thermoelectric materials: molecular design, properties, and applications
1Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University) Chennai-600 119 Tamil Nadu India mrajasekar_83@yahoo.com drmrajasekar.irc@sathyabama.ac.in.
Abstract:
Organic thermoelectric materials have emerged as promising candidates for sustainable energy conversion due to their flexibility, low cost, and tunable molecular structures. This review highlights recent advances in π-conjugated systems based on fullerene, perylene, pyrrole, and thiophene derivatives. Molecular engineering strategies, including doping control, side-chain modification, and nanocomposite formation, are discussed to enhance electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. Fullerene systems demonstrate exceptional n-type behavior and interfacial tunability. Perylene derivatives enable air-stable n-type performance with high power factors. Pyrrole-based polymers show improved thermoelectric efficiency through structural ordering and hybridization. Thiophene-based materials exhibit high carrier mobility and versatile molecular design for optimized energy conversion. Overall, these advances provide valuable design guidelines for next-generation flexible thermoelectric devices and waste heat recovery applications.
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