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Updated: May 9, 2026

Multiplex Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Spatial Immune Cell Landscape of the Tumor Microenvironment

Multiplex Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Spatial Immune Cell Landscape of the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: August 18, 2023

TNBC Spatial Transcriptomic Analysis across Clinical States Reveals Subtype-Specific Networks and Immunosuppressive

Fengyuan Huang¹, Nitish Kunte¹, Himani Khurana¹

¹Center for Biomedical Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama.

Cancer Research Communications

|May 8, 2026

Summary

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Breast cancer progression involves significant tumor microenvironment changes and immune cell shifts. New Immuno-Spatial Molecular Subtypes (ISMS) framework captures triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) heterogeneity and immune plasticity.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Genomics

Background:

Breast cancer is a complex disease with diverse molecular subtypes.
Subtype differences between primary and metastatic tumors impact treatment outcomes.
Understanding tumor microenvironment changes during metastasis is crucial for therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize transcriptional and immune-spatial changes during breast cancer progression using spatial transcriptomics.
To identify key pathways and immune cell dynamics associated with metastasis.
To develop a novel framework integrating molecular and spatial data for breast cancer subtypes.

Main Methods:

GeoMx spatial transcriptomics was employed to profile primary tumors and lymph node metastases.

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

Multiplex Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Spatial Immune Cell Landscape of the Tumor Microenvironment

Multiplex Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Spatial Immune Cell Landscape of the Tumor Microenvironment

Published on: August 18, 2023

Spatial Profiling of Protein and RNA Expression in Tissue: An Approach to Fine-Tune Virtual Microdissection

Spatial Profiling of Protein and RNA Expression in Tissue: An Approach to Fine-Tune Virtual Microdissection

Published on: July 6, 2022

Comparative transcriptomic and immune deconvolution analyses were performed across clinical states.

A novel Immuno-Spatial Molecular Subtypes (ISMS) framework was developed.

Main Results:

Metastatic tumors showed stromal reprogramming with extracellular matrix remodeling and increased macrophage activity.
Distinct epithelial programs were observed: secretory-proliferative in non-metastatic/LN tumors, antigen presentation/interferon signaling in primary metastatic tumors.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) frequently switched subtypes during lymph node metastasis, impacting prognosis.
Immune landscapes varied, with lymph node metastases showing an immunosuppressive microenvironment.
The ISMS framework effectively captured TNBC heterogeneity and immune-spatial plasticity.

Conclusions:

Tumor microenvironment reprogramming and immune cell infiltration dynamics are critical during breast cancer progression.
Subtype switching in TNBC during metastasis is associated with poorer prognosis.
The developed ISMS framework provides a comprehensive approach to understanding breast cancer heterogeneity and immune-spatial plasticity.