Pediatric lung transplantation in 2026: recent changes and current challenges.

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Pulmonology
• Thoracic Surgery
• Transplant Medicine

Background:

• Lung transplantation is a viable treatment for pediatric end-stage lung disease.
• It significantly improves survival and health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
• Pediatric lung transplantation presents unique complexities compared to adult procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• Review key aspects of pediatric lung transplantation.
• Share recent advancements in the field.
• Discuss current challenges and future directions.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature and clinical practices in pediatric lung transplantation.
• Analysis of evolving surgical techniques and post-transplant management strategies.
• Discussion of diagnostic shifts and age-specific considerations.

Main Results:

• Underlying diagnoses for pediatric lung transplantation vary by age and have changed over time.
• Early referral, precise patient selection, and optimal listing timing are critical.
• Surgical methods, organ use, bridging strategies, and complication management are continuously improving long-term survival.

Conclusions:

• Pediatric lung transplantation is successful in improving HRQoL despite inherent challenges.
• Further research is essential for expanding donor availability.
• Enhanced peri-transplant care and improved prevention/treatment of infections and rejection are crucial.