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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants
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Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants

Published on: June 24, 2018

Hydroxyapatite-Based 3D Tooth Models for Investigating Spatially Resolved Analysis of Biofilm Formation Dynamics.

Pratik Nag1, Hyejoo Kim1, Ilchul Yoon1

  • 1Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Researchers developed realistic hydroxyapatite (HA) tooth models to study oral biofilms. These models revealed distinct microbial colonization patterns on different tooth surfaces and restorations, improving biofilm research.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Microbiology
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Traditional hydroxyapatite (HA) substrates lack the topographical complexity of natural teeth, limiting their utility in oral biofilm studies.
  • Accurate replication of tooth morphology is crucial for understanding microbial adhesion and biofilm development.
  • Existing models fail to capture the influence of natural tooth surfaces and dental restorations on oral microbiota.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate morphologically accurate, HA-based human tooth models for studying oral biofilms.
  • To investigate the impact of tooth topography and dental restorations on the spatial distribution of oral biofilms.
  • To provide a more realistic platform for analyzing microbial colonization and biofilm formation in the oral cavity.

Main Methods:

Keywords:
Candida albicansStreptococcus mutanshydroxyapatiteinlay/onlayoral biofilm

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Last Updated: May 9, 2026

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  • Fabrication of premolar and molar tooth models from patient CT scans using HA powder, cold isostatic pressing, and sintering.
  • Incorporation of dental resin inlays and onlays, cemented with clinical-grade dental cement.
  • Culturing of oral biofilms, including *Streptococcus mutans* and *Candida albicans*, on the fabricated tooth models.

Main Results:

  • Biofilm accumulation varied significantly, with higher levels on occlusal surfaces of mandibular models and lateral surfaces of maxillary models.
  • Restored tooth models exhibited increased biofilm formation on and around inlay and onlay materials.
  • The HA tooth models demonstrated mechanical stability comparable to natural teeth without macroscopic defects.

Conclusions:

  • Morphologically accurate HA tooth models provide a superior platform for spatially resolved oral biofilm analysis.
  • These models enhance understanding of microbial colonization dynamics influenced by tooth anatomy and restorative materials.
  • This approach offers a promising avenue for advancing research into oral biofilm mechanisms and prevention strategies.