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Updated: May 9, 2026

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Rice Farmers' Perceptions and Experiences of Exposure When Storing, Using, and Disposing of Insecticide and

Nishikanta Kumar1, Valerie Nie1, Kavitha Palaniappan1

  • 1School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia.

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Unsafe insecticide use in India is driven by poor training and awareness. Policy reforms, clearer labels, and better disposal practices are crucial for farmer safety and environmental protection.

Keywords:
environmental harmhuman health risksinsecticide userice farmers

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Environmental Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Insecticide handling in India presents significant safety concerns due to insufficient awareness and training among users.
  • Existing regulations for safe insecticide use are often undermined by practical challenges faced by farmers and farm workers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors contributing to improper and unsafe insecticide handling practices in India.
  • To identify systemic barriers affecting safe pesticide use and disposal among farmers and farm workers.

Main Methods:

  • A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed.
  • Semistructured interviews were conducted with seven farmers and farm workers in Odisha, India.

Main Results:

  • Increased insecticide usage is driven by environmental changes, pest vulnerability, financial pressures, and modern farming techniques.
  • Farmers frequently rely on vendor advice over label instructions, indicating a need for improved communication and instruction clarity.
  • Unsafe disposal methods, including releasing contaminated water and discarding containers improperly, pose environmental and health risks.
  • Systemic barriers include inadequate training, weak regulatory enforcement, and insufficient resources for safe pesticide management.

Conclusions:

  • Comprehensive reforms are necessary, including enhanced policy implementation, robust enforcement, and sustained awareness campaigns.
  • Recommendations include clearer insecticide labeling, mandatory personal protective equipment (PPE), vendor training, promotion of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and biopesticides, and improved disposal infrastructure.