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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction01:15

Ischemic Stroke l: Introduction

Ischemic stroke is an acute cerebrovascular condition in which blood flow to a brain region is suddenly interrupted, leading to tissue infarction. Neurons depend on continuous oxygen and glucose supply, so even brief reductions in perfusion cause energy failure, ionic imbalance, and irreversible injury. Ischemic strokes are classified into thrombotic and embolic types based on their underlying mechanisms.Thrombotic MechanismsThrombotic stroke develops when a clot forms within a cerebral artery.
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
Natural Killer Cells: The Fast Responders
NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Assessment of Neuroimmune Interactions in a Mini-Stroke Murine Model
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Published on: June 20, 2025

Distinct macrophage and microglia function in ischemic stroke.

Dengxing Li1, Bao Liao1, Huimin Wei

  • 1Baise People's Hospital, Baise, Guangxi, China.

Journal of Biosciences
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that the transcription factor FoxO1 drives microglia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience and Immunology
  • Single-cell transcriptomics
  • Stroke research

Background:

  • Microglia and macrophages are key immune cells in the brain.
  • Their roles in ischemic stroke are complex and not fully understood.
  • Understanding their differentiation and function is crucial for stroke treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize microglia and macrophage subtypes and differentiation in mouse stroke models.
  • To identify key molecular drivers of their functional changes post-stroke.
  • To explore FoxO1 as a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on mouse stroke models.
  • Bioinformatic analyses including Seurat, Gene Ontology, KEGG, DecoupleR, Monocle2, and CellChat.
  • In vitro studies using BV2 microglia with oxygen-glucose deprivation, FoxO1 knockdown, phagocytosis assays, and qRT-PCR.

Main Results:

  • Microglia and macrophages exhibit distinct functional profiles post-stroke; microglia increase phagocytosis, while macrophages decrease it.
  • The transcription factor FoxO1 is differentially expressed and crucial for microglia's enhanced phagocytic and inflammatory responses.
  • FoxO1 knockdown in BV2 cells reduced phagocytosis and increased inflammatory cytokines (CCL2, IFN-γ, TNF).

Conclusions:

  • FoxO1 mediates functional differences between microglia and macrophages in ischemic stroke.
  • Activating FoxO1 enhances microglia phagocytosis and reduces inflammation.
  • FoxO1 represents a promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke treatment.