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Related Concept Videos

Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
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Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Measuring Frailty in HIV-infected Individuals. Identification of Frail Patients is the First Step to Amelioration and Reversal of Frailty
05:53

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Published on: July 24, 2013

The Intellectual Disability Frailty Index Predicts 10-Year Mortality Within the HA-ID Cohort.

Marco C van Maurik1,2, Mylène N Böhmer1,2, Patrick J E Bindels3

  • 1Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine Research, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frailty significantly increases 10-year mortality risk in adults with intellectual disability (ID). The Intellectual Disability Frailty Index (ID-FI) and its Short Form accurately predict mortality, aiding targeted interventions for this population.

Keywords:
elderlyfrail elderlyolder adultssurvivalvulnerable

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Public Health
  • Disability Studies

Background:

  • Adults with intellectual disability (ID) experience frailty earlier than the general population, increasing risks for comorbidities and mortality.
  • This study focuses on the 10-year mortality risk in older adults with ID, using frailty assessment tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between frailty, assessed by the Intellectual Disability Frailty Index (ID-FI) and its Short Form, and all-cause mortality over 10 years in older adults with ID.
  • To evaluate the predictive validity of frailty indices for mortality in adults with ID.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from 982 participants (aged ≥50 years) with ID over a 10-year follow-up period.
  • Frailty assessment using the 51-item ID-FI and the 17-item ID-FI Short Form, categorizing participants into five frailty levels.
  • Application of Cox proportional hazards models to determine the predictive accuracy of the ID-FI and ID-FI Short Form for all-cause mortality.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between higher frailty scores and increased 10-year mortality risk in adults with ID, independent of age, sex, ID level, and Down syndrome.
  • Compared to relatively fit individuals, hazard ratios for mortality increased substantially with higher frailty levels (mildly frail: 3.17, severely frail: 10.00).
  • Both the ID-FI and ID-FI Short Form demonstrated fair predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.72) for 10-year all-cause mortality.

Conclusions:

  • The ID-FI and its Short Form are validated tools for predicting 10-year mortality risk in adults with intellectual disability.
  • Further research is recommended to understand frailty progression and develop care strategies for this population.