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Published on: November 11, 2013

Suppressed Voltage Decay by Local Structure Tuning for High-stability Sodium Layered Oxide Cathodes.

Yongyuan Zhou¹, Xing Zhou², Xiaowei Liu²

¹International School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials Science and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|May 8, 2026

Summary

Introducing trace scandium into iron/manganese layered oxides for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) suppresses Jahn-Teller distortions. This stabilizes the structure, reducing voltage decay and improving cycling life for advanced SIB cathodes.

Keywords:

Jahn–Teller distortion layered oxides local structural tuning sodium‐ion batteries voltage decay

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Battery Technology

Background:

P2-type Fe/Mn-based layered oxides are promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to high capacity and cost.
Jahn-Teller (J-T) effect in Fe⁴⁺ and Mn³⁺ causes lattice distortion, leading to voltage hysteresis, decay, and degradation in SIBs.

Purpose of the Study:

To suppress Jahn-Teller distortions in Fe/Mn-based layered oxides for SIBs.
To enhance the structural stability and electrochemical performance of cathode materials through trace element doping.

Main Methods:

Introduction of trace amounts of scandium (Sc) into the transition-metal layers of P2-type oxides.
Structural and electrochemical characterization of the Sc-doped material (Na₀.₆₇Fe₀.₄₉Mn₀.₅Sc₀.₀₁O₂).
Analysis of local electronic structure and coordination environment modulation by Sc doping.

Main Results:

Sc doping enhanced TM-O covalency and reduced ligand field symmetry, suppressing Fe⁴⁺ and Mn³⁺ J-T distortions.
The Sc-doped material (NFMO-Sc) exhibited suppressed voltage hysteresis and decay.
Remarkable long-cycling stability was achieved for the NFMO-Sc cathode.

Conclusions:

Trace-element doping, specifically Sc, is an effective strategy to mitigate J-T distortion in layered oxide cathodes.
Local structural tuning via trace elements significantly enhances voltage stability and cycling life in SIBs.
This approach offers valuable insights for designing high-stability cathode materials for advanced sodium-ion batteries.