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Electrothermal Coupling Enables Defect-Targeted Topological Repair for Rapid Graphite Upcycling.

Shen Wang1,2, Na Li1, Yangyang Liu3

  • 1School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Material and Chemistry, Universities of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers regenerated spent graphite (SG) from lithium-ion batteries by targeting structural defects. This defect-targeted regeneration strategy repairs disordered carbon structures, enabling efficient upcycling of battery waste.

Keywords:
CoCl2 molten saltdefect‐targeted repairelectrothermal couplinggraphite upcyclingtopological defects

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Spent graphite (SG) from lithium-ion batteries has persistent structural disorder.
  • The defect chemistry controlling SG regeneration is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify dominant degradation motifs in spent graphite.
  • To develop a defect-targeted regeneration strategy for spent graphite.

Main Methods:

  • Flash Joule heating in a CoCl2 molten-salt medium.
  • Electrothermal coupling to direct cobalt species to defect sites.
  • Analysis of defect chemistry and topological reconstruction.

Main Results:

  • Identified carbon vacancies and quasi-sp3 topological defects as key degradation motifs.
  • Developed a cobalt-assisted regeneration process that repairs SG structure.
  • Regenerated graphite (RG) achieved 83% capacity retention after 1000 cycles, outperforming commercial graphite.

Conclusions:

  • Established a chemically informed route for rapid spent graphite upcycling.
  • Demonstrated defect-selective topological repair for efficient material regeneration.
  • Highlighted the potential for sustainable lithium-ion battery recycling.