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Related Concept Videos

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity
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The Isolation, Differentiation, and Quantification of Human Antibody-secreting B Cells from Blood: ELISpot as a Functional Readout of Humoral Immunity

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Complement-regulated homeostatic proliferation controls memory B cell longevity and repertoire composition.

Evan W Cody1,2,3, Mehek Ningoo1,2,3, Isha Monga4,3

  • 1Departments of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) deficiency impairs memory B cell longevity by reducing homeostatic proliferation. Complement activation influences B cell survival and repertoire composition, impacting long-term immunity.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Complement System

Background:

  • Memory B cell (Bmem) survival is critical for adaptive immunity and protection against reinfection.
  • The mechanisms governing Bmem longevity are not fully understood.
  • Decay-accelerating factor (DAF, CD55), a complement regulator, is reexpressed on Bmem after downregulation in germinal centers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of DAF in regulating the survival and homeostatic proliferation of murine Bmem.
  • To determine how DAF deficiency affects Bmem longevity in competitive settings.

Main Methods:

  • Competitive transfer of wild-type and DAF-deficient (DAF-/-) B1-8hi Bmem into recipient mice.
  • Kinetic analysis of Bmem numbers over six weeks.
  • Assessment of Bmem production, pool size, and response to rechallenge.
  • Analysis of transcriptional changes in metabolism and migration pathways.
  • Evaluation of Bmem proliferation in complement component 3-deficient (C3-/-) hosts and following vaccination.

Main Results:

  • DAF-/- Bmem numbers progressively decreased over six weeks, indicating reduced longevity.
  • DAF deficiency did not affect Bmem production, pool size, or recall responses.
  • Wild-type Bmem exhibited homeostatic proliferation, outcompeting DAF-/- Bmem.
  • DAF-/- Bmem showed reduced proliferation and increased cell death, linked to altered metabolism and migration gene expression.
  • Complement activation, induced by vaccination or C3 deficiency, influenced Bmem proliferation and survival.

Conclusions:

  • Complement-dependent regulation of Bmem homeostatic proliferation is a key factor influencing Bmem longevity.
  • DAF plays a crucial role in maintaining Bmem pool size and repertoire composition.
  • Targeting complement pathways may offer strategies to modulate B cell memory for enhanced immunity.