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Related Concept Videos

Pulse Oximetry01:24

Pulse Oximetry

Pulse oximetry, or SpO2, is a non-invasive method for continuously monitoring arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). This procedure involves attaching a probe or sensor to the patient's fingertip, forehead, earlobe, or nose bridge. The sensor works by detecting changes in oxygen saturation levels through light signals generated by the oximeter and reflected by the pulsing blood under the probe.
Purpose
Average SpO2 values are greater than 95%. If the readings fall below 90%, it indicates that...
Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation01:19

Special considerations while measuring oxygen saturation

Assessing respiratory rate concurrently with pulse measurement is fundamental to patient care, providing valuable insights into the patient's respiratory function. The normal breathing rate for an adult usually falls within a normal range of 12 to 20 breaths per minute. Abnormal respiratory rates can signal underlying health conditions or the need for immediate intervention.
Ensuring accuracy in vital sign recordings while prioritizing patient comfort and minimizing anxiety is important. 
Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs01:19

Guidelines For Measuring Vital Signs

Following these guidelines can help nurses accurately measure vital signs, assess changes in patient conditions, and provide timely treatment when necessary. Adhering closely to the guidelines ensures the accuracy and reliability of the results.
Before taking a patient's vital signs, a nurse would consider and assess the patient's comfort level and ensure appropriate equipment is available.
Assessment of apical radial pulse01:25

Assessment of apical radial pulse

Apical-Radial (A-R) Pulse Assessment
The A-R pulse assessment involves simultaneous evaluation of the apical and radial pulses. When the apical and radial pulse rates vary, this assessment helps identify a pulse deficit.
Pre-Procedural Preparation
Fetal Circulation01:14

Fetal Circulation

Fetal circulation is a unique system that facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the developing fetus and the mother. This intricate process takes place through a special organ called the placenta.
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications01:19

Respiratory Assessment: Purpose and Indications

Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
Objectives and Importance:
The primary goal of respiratory assessment is to evaluate patients at early risk of clinical deterioration. Since respiratory distress often precedes other signs of declining health, breathing patterns and sounds become a...

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Updated: May 9, 2026

How to Administer Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Critically ill Neonates, Infants, and Children
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Published on: August 19, 2020

Pulse oximetry in infants with Robin sequence.

Sonia Khirani1,2,3, Adrien Kerfourn4, Lucie Griffon5,6

  • 1ASV Santé, Gennevilliers, France. sonia_khirani@yahoo.fr.

European Journal of Pediatrics
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Infants with Robin sequence (RS) have high obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk. Pulse oximetry (SpO2) parameters correlated better with OSA severity in infants with other comorbidities (OSA-III) than in those with RS.

Keywords:
Hypoxic burdenInfantsObstructive sleep apneaPulse oximetryRespiratory polygraphyRobin sequence

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Published on: April 7, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Infants with Robin sequence (RS) face a high risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • Polysomnography (PSG) is the gold standard for OSA diagnosis but presents accessibility and resource challenges.
  • Pulse oximetry (SpO2) offers a simpler screening alternative, though validated thresholds are lacking and its correlation with OSA severity (MOAHI) is moderate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the relationship between various SpO2 parameters and the mixed obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (MOAHI) in infants with RS.
  • To compare these SpO2-MOAHI correlations with those in infants with OSA and other comorbidities (OSA-III) of similar OSA severity.
  • To investigate potential differences in OSA phenotypes between infants with RS and OSA-III.

Main Methods:

  • Correlation analysis between different SpO2 parameters (including hypoxemic burden and ODI 3%) and MOAHI.
  • Comparison of SpO2 parameters and MOAHI between infants with RS and infants with OSA-III.
  • Nap studies were conducted in half of the infants with RS.

Main Results:

  • Mean MOAHI and the proportion of infants exceeding thresholds for MOAHI or ODI 3% did not differ significantly between RS and OSA-III groups.
  • SpO2 parameters showed a stronger correlation with MOAHI in OSA-III infants (best: total hypoxic burden, r=0.720) compared to RS infants (best: ODI 3%, r=0.536).
  • Infants with RS had a significantly lower mean ODI 3% (15.8 vs. 21.5 events/h) and exhibited less severe desaturations and hypoxemic burden than OSA-III infants.

Conclusions:

  • SpO2 parameters demonstrated a better correlation with MOAHI in infants with OSA-III than in those with RS.
  • These findings raise questions about a potentially distinct OSA phenotype in infants with RS.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the utility of SpO2 parameters for OSA screening in infants.