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Jing Zhou1, Zeinab Muse1, Emma Bränn1,2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Premenstrual disorders (PMD) are associated with psychiatric conditions, with women diagnosed with PMD having double the risk of prior psychiatric disorders. This study highlights the bidirectional link between PMD and mental health conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry and Reproductive Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Premenstrual disorders (PMD) frequently co-occur with psychiatric conditions, yet the nature of this association is not fully understood.
  • Existing research has primarily focused on major affective disorders, leaving a gap in understanding PMD's relationship with a broader spectrum of psychiatric conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential bidirectional associations between premenstrual disorders (PMD) and a wide range of psychiatric disorders.
  • To clarify the direction and extent of the relationship between PMD and various mental health conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A Swedish nationwide cohort study utilizing register data from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2022.
  • Matched cohort and nested case-control designs were employed to assess psychiatric disorders before and after PMD diagnosis.
  • Analyses included comparisons between women with PMD, their unaffected sisters, and general population controls.

Main Results:

  • Women with PMD had approximately double the risk of a prior psychiatric disorder diagnosis (OR, 2.41) and were twice as likely to receive a subsequent PMD diagnosis if they had a psychiatric disorder (HR, 2.23).
  • These bidirectional associations were attenuated but remained significant in sibling analyses (OR, 1.95; HR, 1.82).
  • Strongest associations were observed for depression, anxiety, ADHD, bipolar disorder, and personality disorders, but not schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

  • This study demonstrates significant bidirectional associations between premenstrual disorders (PMD) and a broad range of psychiatric conditions.
  • The findings underscore the importance of considering menstrual cycle-related health in psychiatric care and vice versa.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the shared underlying mechanisms connecting PMD and psychiatric disorders.