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Related Concept Videos

Types of Semiconductors01:20

Types of Semiconductors

Intrinsic semiconductors are highly pure materials with no impurities. At absolute zero, these semiconductors behave as perfect insulators because all the valence electrons are bound, and the conduction band is empty, disallowing electrical conduction. The Fermi level is a concept used to describe the probability of occupancy of energy levels by electrons at thermal equilibrium. In intrinsic semiconductors, the Fermi level is positioned at the midpoint of the energy gap at absolute zero. When...
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Newton's law of gravitation describes the gravitational force between any two point masses. However, for extended spherical objects like the Earth, the Moon, and other planets, the law holds with an assumption that masses of spherical objects are concentrated at their respective centers.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Rendering SiO2/Si Surfaces Omniphobic by Carving Gas-Entrapping Microtextures Comprising Reentrant and Doubly Reentrant Cavities or Pillars
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Published on: February 11, 2020

Lunar silicon cavity.

Jun Ye1, Zoey Z Hu1, Ben Lewis1

  • 1JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists propose deploying an ultrastable optical resonator in the Moon's permanently shadowed regions (PSRs). This technology will enable highly coherent laser systems for space-based quantum applications and lunar exploration.

Keywords:
clockslaser in spaceprecision measurementquantum technology

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Area of Science:

  • Space Science
  • Quantum Physics
  • Optical Engineering

Background:

  • Lunar permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) are extremely cold environments, ideal for sensitive experiments.
  • PSRs offer proximity to solar power and potential resources, making them crucial for future lunar missions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose the deployment of a passive, ultrastable optical resonator in lunar PSRs.
  • To leverage the unique lunar environment for advanced laser systems with unprecedented phase-coherence.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the cryogenic conditions of lunar PSRs to construct a monolithic silicon cavity.
  • Achieving ultra-low thermal noise-limited stability and coherence times exceeding 1 minute.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrating a coherence time over a decade better than current terrestrial systems.
  • Developing a laser system with unprecedented phase-coherence for space applications.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed optical resonator is an enabling infrastructure for space-based quantum technology.
  • Applications include lunar time standards, long-baseline optical interferometry, and testing fundamental physics.