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Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

Correlation between ECG and Cardiac Cycle

The electrical signals recorded on an electrocardiogram (ECG) occur before the mechanical processes of contraction and relaxation during the cardiac cycle.
A cardiac action potential originates in the SA node and spreads throughout the atria and the AV node in approximately 0.03 seconds. This results in the P wave in an ECG and triggers atrial contraction. The action potential is then briefly slowed at the AV node, allowing the atria to contract and fill the ventricles with blood before...

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase of...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: September 24, 2021

Correlation between P-Wave Parameters and Atrioventricular Synchrony in Patients with Leadless Pacemakers.

Zhongxin Qin^1,2, Qiao Yu², Yutong Liu¹

¹Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

|May 8, 2026

Summary

Preoperative P-wave characteristics, including P-wave area and dispersion, can predict atrioventricular synchrony (AVS) after leadless pacemaker (LP) implantation. This aids in selecting suitable candidates for VDD LP.

Keywords:

Atrioventricular block Atrioventricular synchronous pacing Leadless pacing Micra transcatheter pacemaker P-wave parameters and indices

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Sterile Pericarditis in Aachener Minipigs As a Model for Atrial Myopathy and Atrial Fibrillation

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Published on: September 24, 2021

Optimization of Transesophageal Atrial Pacing to Assess Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Mice

Optimization of Transesophageal Atrial Pacing to Assess Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Mice

Published on: June 29, 2022

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Electrophysiology
Medical Devices

Background:

Atrioventricular synchrony (AVS) correlation with P-wave parameters in leadless pacemaker (LP) patients is debated.
Understanding this relationship is crucial for optimizing pacing therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the correlation between P-wave characteristics and AVS in patients receiving VDD LPs.
To identify predictors of successful AVS post-implantation.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 85 patients undergoing VDD LP implantation.
Comparison of electrocardiogram and echocardiogram parameters between high (≥80%) and low (<80%) Atrial-synchronized Ventricular Pacing (AsVP) groups.
Logistic regression to identify predictors of high AsVP.

Main Results:

Higher preoperative P-wave area and lower P-wave dispersion (PD) were associated with high AsVP (P <0.05).
Lower E/A ratio was also a predictor of high AsVP.
AsVP improved significantly from 1 month to 3 months post-implantation (74.6% vs. 80.9%, P=0.035).

Conclusions:

Preoperative P-wave parameters on electrocardiogram can predict AVS after VDD LP implantation.
These findings assist in patient selection for VDD LPs, potentially improving outcomes.