Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Influence of Cognition on Affect01:29

The Influence of Cognition on Affect

Cognition plays a pivotal role in shaping emotional experiences, as demonstrated by Schachter and Singer’s two-factor theory of emotion. According to this model, emotion arises from a combination of physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation. The body’s physiological response to stimuli is ambiguous and only gains emotional significance through cognitive labeling. For instance, an increased heart rate and adrenaline surge while standing near an attractive person may be interpreted as...
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the cerebellum's...
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex.
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions00:59

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

Direct-acting cholinergic agonists exert their pharmacological actions by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine on postsynaptic muscarinic receptors to generate parasympathetic responses. These agents elicit a range of physiological responses, including cardiovascular effects. For example, activation of muscarinic receptors induces bradycardia, decreased cardiac output, reduced peripheral resistance, and consequent hypotension. In the eye, stimulation of M3 receptors leads to smooth muscle...
Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions01:30

Diencephalon: Anatomical Regions

The diencephalon, etymologically translated as 'through brain,' plays an integral role as the conduit between the cerebrum and the vast extent of the nervous system. However, the olfactory system is an exception, as it interfaces directly with the cerebrum. The diencephalon, deeply ensconced beneath the cerebrum, primarily consists of three paired structures — the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithelamus. It also includes accessory structures such as the subthalamus, which houses the subthalamic...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dorsal striatal circuit mechanisms contributing to astrocyte modulation of alcohol-related behaviors.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Cell-type specific sensory and motor activity in the cuneiform nucleus and pedunculopontine nucleus in mice.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Chemogenetic Control of Striatal Astrocytes Improves Parkinsonian Motor Deficits in Mice.

Glia·2025
Same author

Cortical norepinephrine-astrocyte signaling critically mediates learned behavior.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Diversity of ancestral brainstem noradrenergic neurons across species and multiple biological factors.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

A cortical locus for modulation of arousal states.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation
07:26

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation

Published on: November 26, 2019

The anterior cingulate cortex modulates pupil-linked arousal.

Nithik Chintalacheruvu1, Anagha Kalelkar1, Hector Alatriste-León1

  • 1WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University-New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ, USA.

Science Advances
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) sustains pupil-linked arousal. Inactivating the ACC reduced pupil events, while ACC activity scaled with pupil dilation magnitude, highlighting its role in arousal regulation.

More Related Videos

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs
09:25

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs

Published on: January 6, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation
07:26

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation

Published on: November 26, 2019

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs
09:25

Pupillometry to Assess Auditory Sensation in Guinea Pigs

Published on: January 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Autonomic Nervous System Research
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Subcortical structures, such as the locus coeruleus (LC), are known regulators of pupil-linked autonomic arousal.
  • The specific contribution of cortical circuits, particularly the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), to arousal modulation remains largely undefined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in regulating pupil-linked arousal.
  • To determine if ACC activity dynamically modulates spontaneous and stimulus-evoked arousal responses.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a closed-loop optogenetic system for real-time inactivation of the ACC in rodents.
  • Monitoring of pupil diameter and neuronal population activity in the ACC and LC.
  • Analysis of ACC and LC neuronal responses during spontaneous and salient sensory-evoked arousal events.

Main Results:

  • ACC inactivation significantly decreased the magnitude of spontaneous pupil dilations.
  • ACC population activity robustly scaled with the magnitude of spontaneous pupil dilations.
  • ACC responses to salient stimuli correlated with evoked pupil dilation size, and ACC inactivation suppressed these events.
  • Locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine neurons signaled arousal faster than the ACC, but LC responses did not scale with pupil dilation magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is identified as a critical cortical region for sustaining momentary increases in pupil-linked arousal.
  • ACC activity dynamically tracks and modulates both spontaneous and salient stimulus-driven arousal.
  • While LC neurons initiate arousal signals, the ACC plays a crucial role in shaping the magnitude and duration of arousal responses.