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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due to...

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Bronchial Thermoplasty: A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Severe Asthma
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Post-Transbronchial Microwave Ablation Bronchopleural Fistula-A Case Series and Unique Insight.

Aliss T C Chang1, Cindy S Y Cho1, Joyce W Y Chan1

  • 1Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, China.

European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery : Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a rare but serious complication after transbronchial microwave ablation (TMWA) for lung tumors. Early detection and individualized management, including innovative techniques, are crucial for successful resolution.

Keywords:
bronchopleural fistulaminimally invasive therapynavigation bronchoscopyrobotic-assisted bronchoscopytransbronchial microwave ablation

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Interventional Pulmonology

Background:

  • Transbronchial microwave ablation (TMWA) is an emerging technique for lung tumors.
  • Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a potential complication following thoracic procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the incidence, causes, and treatment of BPF after TMWA.
  • To explore novel prevention and management strategies for BPF post-TMWA.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 173 patients undergoing 209 TMWA sessions.
  • Analysis of four BPF cases, including procedural data and outcomes.
  • Documentation of interventions like fibrin glue injection and endobronchial valve placement.

Main Results:

  • BPF incidence was 1.9% (4 patients).
  • Causes included extensive ablation, tissue contraction, and pleural puncture.
  • All BPF cases resolved with varied treatments, including minimally invasive options.

Conclusions:

  • BPF is a rare but significant TMWA complication requiring tailored management.
  • Vigilant monitoring and advanced imaging are key for prompt intervention.
  • Further research is needed to optimize BPF prevention and treatment strategies.