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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology01:08

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
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A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Published on: October 25, 2024

Beyond Cord Compression: Instability as a Major Driver for Neurological Deficit in Active Thoracic Spinal

Harikrishna Raghuraj Ramasamy1, Gnanaprakash Gurusamy1, Sri Vijay Anand K S1

  • 1Department of Spine Surgery, Ganga Hospital, Coimbatore, India.

Global Spine Journal
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Mechanical instability is the primary driver of neurological deficits in spinal tuberculosis (TB). The Spine Instability Scoring System (STISS) aids in early detection and prevention of irreversible nerve damage.

Keywords:
epidural compressioninstabilityneurological deficitspinal tuberculosisspinal tuberculosis instability score

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression
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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression

Published on: May 7, 2019

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients
03:47

A Retrospective Study on Endoscopic Surgery for the Treatment of Paravertebral Abscess in Spinal Tuberculosis Patients

Published on: October 25, 2024

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression
07:00

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression

Published on: May 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Neurosurgery
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Spinal tuberculosis (TB) can lead to significant neurological deficits.
  • Identifying predictors of neurological compromise is crucial for patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the association between mechanical instability and neurological deficit in spinal TB.
  • To compare mechanical instability with other radiological parameters in predicting neurological deficit.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of clinical and radiological data from 122 patients with active thoracic spinal TB.
  • Evaluation of mechanical instability using the Spinal Tuberculosis Instability Scoring System (STISS).
  • Correlation of STISS scores and radiological findings with neurological status.

Main Results:

  • 32.8% of patients presented with neurological deficits.
  • Definite mechanical instability was the strongest predictor of neurological deficit (OR 9.77, P < 0.001).
  • Spinal instability increased the likelihood of neurological deficit, even without epidural compression.

Conclusions:

  • Mechanical instability is the leading independent factor associated with neurological deficit in spinal TB.
  • The STISS is a valuable tool for risk stratification and timely intervention in spinal TB.
  • Early identification of instability can prevent irreversible neurological damage.