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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Evaluating Flight Performance and Eye Movement Patterns Using Virtual Reality Flight Simulator
03:49

Evaluating Flight Performance and Eye Movement Patterns Using Virtual Reality Flight Simulator

Published on: May 19, 2023

Virtual flying experience changes neural responses to seeing wings.

Ziyi Xiong1, Yiyang Cai2, Xiaosha Wang3

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.

Cell Reports
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

The human brain

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Virtual Reality

Background:

  • The occipitotemporal cortex (OTC) processes body parts, organized by evolutionary importance.
  • This organization may limit how the brain adapts to novel body representations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the occipitotemporal cortex (OTC) adapts to artificial body parts.
  • To explore if the OTC can integrate virtual wings into body representations beyond evolutionary constraints.

Main Methods:

  • Virtual reality (VR) training over one week (four sessions).
  • Participants controlled virtual wings using upper-limb movements with simulated flight feedback.
  • Neuroimaging (fMRI) compared neural responses to wing images before and after VR training.
Keywords:
CP: Neurosciencebody representationembodimentneural plasticityoccipitotemporal cortexvirtual reality

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

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Modified Fear Conditioning for Inducing Flight Behaviors in Mice
04:03

Modified Fear Conditioning for Inducing Flight Behaviors in Mice

Published on: December 15, 2023

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Published on: August 29, 2018

Main Results:

  • Increased bilateral wing-selective activation in the OTC post-training.
  • Enhanced representational similarity between virtual wings and upper limbs in the right OTC.
  • Strengthened functional coupling between the right OTC and frontoparietal regions for wing stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • The OTC incorporates artificial body parts (virtual wings) into its representations.
  • Neural adaptation in the OTC transcends simple sensorimotor congruence.
  • The OTC plays a role in abstract, functional-semantic coding of visual inputs, integrating novel effectors.