A Multidisciplinary Approach to Checkpoint Inhibitor Adverse Reactions

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are used in a wide range of cancers, offering durable responses for a substantial subset of patients. However, immune-related adverse events, the most clinically consequential checkpoint inhibitor-associated adverse reactions, pose a key challenge in practice, affecting virtually any organ system, resulting in treatment interruption, morbidity, or mortality. Patient education, early recognition, and effective management are essential to limit complications and maintain continuity of immunotherapy. Achieving this requires well-informed multidisciplinary teams who can identify, evaluate, and manage immune-related adverse events promptly. This review summarizes the most clinically significant immune-related adverse events and highlights the key principles of multidisciplinary diagnosis and management most relevant to the practicing allergist-immunologist to optimize patient outcomes.