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Updated: May 10, 2026
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A Metadata Extraction Approach for Clinical Case Reports to Enable Advanced Understanding of Biomedical Concepts
Published on: September 20, 2018
[The 518th case: multiple intracranial lesions, fever, rash]
Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi
|May 8, 2026
Summary
This case study details a patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Early neurological symptoms and white matter lesions warrant consideration of PML and HIV testing.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Infectious Diseases
- Immunology
Background:
- A 58-year-old male presented with rash, fever, neurological deficits, and a perianal abscess.
- Initial symptoms included slurred speech, delayed responses, and left-sided limb weakness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report a case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).
- To highlight diagnostic considerations for white matter lesions in immunocompromised patients.
Main Methods:
- Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess intracranial lesions.
- Serum HIV antibody testing.
- Next-generation sequencing (NGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for pathogen detection.
Main Results:
- MRI revealed progressive, asymmetric white matter damage without contrast enhancement.
- HIV antibody testing was positive.
- CSF analysis detected DNA from hepatitis B virus, John Cunningham (JC) virus, and Epstein-Barr virus.
Conclusions:
- The patient was diagnosed with AIDS and PML.
- Asymmetric white matter lesions should prompt consideration of PML and HIV screening.
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