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Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology

Published on: October 3, 2016

Infectious disease outcomes of NASA's health stabilization program.

Rebecca S Blue^1,2, Robert A Mulcahy³, Amy J Kreykes⁴

¹School of Public and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. rblue.md@gmail.com.

NPJ Microgravity

|May 8, 2026

Summary

The Health Stabilization Program (HSP) effectively minimizes infectious risks for spaceflight crews, despite occasional exposures. This comprehensive program ensures mission success and crew safety during space missions.

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Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform

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Exploring the Effects of Spaceflight on Mouse Physiology using the Open Access NASA GeneLab Platform

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Published on: January 13, 2019

Area of Science:

Space Medicine
Aerospace Medicine
Infectious Disease Prevention

Background:

Space missions require stringent protocols to prevent infections.
The Health Stabilization Program (HSP) is NASA's key strategy for crew health.
Understanding infectious risks is crucial for astronaut safety and mission success.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the incidence of pre-flight infectious exposures in spaceflight.
To determine the effectiveness of the Health Stabilization Program (HSP) protocols.
To identify risk factors for on-orbit illness resulting from pre-flight exposures.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of medical and operational records from U.S. spaceflight missions (Apollo Program to 2024).
Aggregation of data from 196 spaceflight missions.
Definition and analysis of HSP-related mission events, including protocol breaches and exposures.

Main Results:

Infectious events occurred in 15% of missions (30 out of 196) within the launch timeframe.
Ill crew members led to further on-orbit infections in 1% of missions (2 out of 196).
Launch delays due to crew infection occurred in 1% of missions.

Conclusions:

The Health Stabilization Program (HSP) has been successful in preventing severe on-orbit medical issues and long-term health impacts.
Despite occasional infectious events, the HSP demonstrates overall mission success and crew safety.
The HSP protocols are effective in mitigating the risks associated with pre-flight infectious exposures.