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Related Concept Videos

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
Probiotics01:22

Probiotics

Probiotics are live, non-pathogenic microorganisms that confer health benefits by modulating the gut microbiota. The human gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbial ecosystem, and the balance of this microbiota is crucial for digestive and systemic health. Among the most extensively studied and utilized probiotics are species formerly classified within the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These organisms not only naturally colonize the human gut but are also consumed through...
Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Bioreactor Controls-III01:22

Bioreactor Controls-III

Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...
Development of the Oral Microbiota01:28

Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...

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Updated: May 10, 2026

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality
05:45

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality

Published on: April 7, 2023

Next-generation probiotics: an outlook into current applications and future developments.

Lara Kern1, Adin Tofield1, John Frame1

  • 1Department of Systems Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.

Nature Reviews. Microbiology
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Next-generation probiotics (NGP) offer enhanced colonization and efficacy over traditional strains. Advanced computational and AI tools are revolutionizing the discovery and personalized application of these precision probiotics for various diseases.

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality
05:45

Process Development for the Spray-Drying of Probiotic Bacteria and Evaluation of the Product Quality

Published on: April 7, 2023

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08:38

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12:12

Transformation of Probiotic Yeast and Their Recovery from Gastrointestinal Immune Tissues Following Oral Gavage in Mice

Published on: February 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Biotechnology
  • Computational Biology and Artificial Intelligence

Background:

  • The field of probiotics has historically focused on first-generation, food-derived strains with debated scientific efficacy.
  • There is a growing need for probiotics with improved colonization, clinical effectiveness, and safety profiles for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution of next-generation probiotics (NGP) and strategies for their development.
  • To discuss how emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), can overcome challenges in live bacterial therapy.
  • To highlight the potential of NGP in treating metabolic, immune, and oncological diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on probiotic evolution and NGP development strategies.
  • Exploration of emerging techniques for identifying and characterizing NGP strains and consortia.
  • Discussion of computational and AI-driven approaches for NGP discovery, design, and personalized application.

Main Results:

  • NGP, including natural and engineered strains, are being developed for enhanced human colonization, efficacy, and safety.
  • Emerging strategies facilitate the identification of NGP strains and consortia with therapeutic potential.
  • Computational and AI advances offer powerful tools for NGP discovery, engineering, and personalized therapeutic prediction.

Conclusions:

  • NGP represent a significant advancement in live bacterial therapy, addressing limitations of traditional probiotics.
  • AI and computational methods are poised to transform NGP development, enabling precision and personalized microbiome interventions.
  • The future of probiotics lies in engineered strains and consortia, guided by AI, for targeted treatment of complex diseases.