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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Production of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungal Inoculum and Phenotypic Evaluation of Rice and AM Symbiosis Under Saline Conditions
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Production of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungal Inoculum and Phenotypic Evaluation of Rice and AM Symbiosis Under Saline Conditions

Published on: March 14, 2025

Azolla reshapes rhizosphere microbiomes and nutrient cycling in paddy fields.

Rong Zhao1, Ping Huang2, Changbing Pu2

  • 1College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610101, China.

Environmental Microbiome
|May 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Azolla application in paddy systems enhances soil quality by boosting nutrient cycling and altering microbial communities. This green manure improves soil nutrients and microbe-mediated recycling, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional fertilizers.

Keywords:
AzollaBacterial community structureCo-cultivationGreen manurePaddy soilSoil enzymes

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Published on: February 15, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Soil Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Soil quality is crucial for agricultural productivity and sustainability.
  • Azolla's symbiotic nitrogen fixation can improve soil quality, but its role in paddy systems needs further characterization.
  • Understanding Azolla's impact on nutrient cycling and microbial communities is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the effects of Azolla on soil quality in paddy systems.
  • To examine Azolla's impact on nutrient cycling dynamics and microbial community composition.
  • To uncover the interactions between soil properties and microbial communities under Azolla application.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated soil physicochemical analyses, enzyme activity assays, and bacterial community profiling.
  • Co-occurrence network analysis and correlation assessments were employed.
  • Comparison between rice monoculture (R) and rice-Azolla co-cultivation (RA) systems.

Main Results:

  • Rice-Azolla co-cultivation (RA) significantly increased carbon- and nitrogen-cycle enzyme activities (3-44%) but decreased phosphorus-cycle enzyme activities (12-42%).
  • Azolla altered bacterial community structure and reduced alpha diversity under high nitrogen fertilization.
  • Specific taxa, including Haliangium and Sphingomonas, were recruited in the RA system with higher relative abundances.

Conclusions:

  • Azolla application enhances soil quality by increasing nutrient content and promoting microbe-mediated nutrient recycling.
  • The study reveals mechanisms by which Azolla improves soil properties through interactions with microbial communities.
  • Azolla shows potential as a sustainable biofertilizer for agricultural soil enhancement, offering an alternative to conventional fertilization.