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Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Mechanisms of Membrane Domain Formation

Different physical properties of lipids and proteins allow them to localize and form distinct islands or domains in the membrane. Some membrane domains are formed due to protein-protein interactions, whereas others are formed due to the presence of specific lipids such as sphingolipids and sterols—for example, large proteins, such as bacteriorhodopsin, aggregate and create distinct domains.
Another mechanism for membrane domain formation involves membrane proteins interacting with cytoskeletal...

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is a relatively...

Membrane Fluidity

Membrane Fluidity

Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

Mechanisms of Membrane-bending

The living membranes are flexible due to their fluid mosaic nature; however, their bending into different shapes is an active process regulated by specific lipids and proteins. The membrane bending can be transient as seen in vesicles or stable for a long time as in microvilli. Cells regulate the size, location, and duration of the membrane curvature.
Membrane bending can happen due to intrinsic changes in lipid composition or extrinsic association with different proteins. The proteins involved...

Fluid Mosaic Model

Fluid Mosaic Model

Scientists identified the plasma membrane in the 1890s and its principal chemical components (lipids and proteins) by 1915. The model for plasma membrane structure, proposed in 1935 by Hugh Davson and James Danielli, was the first model to be widely accepted in the scientific community. The model was based on the plasma membrane's "railroad track" appearance in early electron micrographs. Davson and Danielli theorized that the plasma membrane's structure resembled a sandwich with the analogy of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic Framework Membranes: Multi-Scale Design and Forward-Looking Perspectives.

Sheng Yuan¹, Shilin Guo¹, Teng Liu¹

¹Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)

|May 9, 2026

Summary

Two-dimensional covalent organic framework (2D COF) membranes offer tunable nanochannels for advanced separations. This review outlines a multiscale design framework to accelerate their development for environmental and energy applications.

Keywords:

chemical separations covalent organic frameworks (COF)membranes two‐dimensional (2D)

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Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Published on: August 16, 2018

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Last Updated: May 10, 2026

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

Published on: July 10, 2017

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Published on: August 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are promising membrane materials.
Their well-defined nanochannels, designability, stability, and synthesis routes drive interest.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a multiscale design framework for advancing 2D COF membranes.
To summarize progress and challenges in 2D COF membrane applications.

Main Methods:

Systematic discussion of engineering principles from molecular design to macroscopic processing.
Review of recent advancements in 2D COF membrane applications.
Identification of challenges and a roadmap for industrial deployment.

Main Results:

A comprehensive overview of molecular-scale design, crystallinity control, and membrane processing.
Highlighting applications in gas separation, liquid purification, ion sieving, and energy storage.
Proposing strategies to bridge lab innovations with industrial use.

Conclusions:

Multiscale design principles are crucial for rational development of 2D COF membranes.
Addressing challenges will facilitate the deployment of 2D COF membranes in environmental and energy sectors.