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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

A Multimodal Imaging- and Stimulation-based Method of Evaluating Connectivity-related Brain Excitability in Patients with Epilepsy

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rTMS Modulates Static and Dynamic Brain Functional Networks in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: An EEG

Jiannan Kang¹, Juanmei Wu¹, Yuqi Li¹

¹Child Rehabilitation Division, Ningbo Rehabilitation Hospital, Ningbo, China.

Brain Topography

|May 9, 2026

Summary

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) enhances brain network integration and flexibility in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This neuromodulation approach improves neural function, offering a promising therapeutic avenue for ASD.

Keywords:

Autism spectrum disorder Dynamic functional networks EEG microstate analysis Functional connectivity RTMS neuromodulation

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Last Updated: May 11, 2026

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Published on: November 13, 2016

Probing the Brain in Autism Using fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging

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EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development

EEG Mu Rhythm in Typical and Atypical Development

Published on: April 9, 2014

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Clinical Psychology
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition with significant social and communication challenges.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is being explored as a potential treatment for ASD, but its effects on brain network dynamics are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of rTMS on static and dynamic brain functional networks in children with ASD.
To explore the relationship between brain network characteristics and social deficits in ASD.

Main Methods:

A randomized controlled trial involving 32 children with ASD, comparing active rTMS (1 Hz over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) to a sham control group over 9 weeks.
Utilized resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) with multi-dimensional analysis including microstate temporal parameters, weighted Phase Lag Index (wPLI) for static functional connectivity, and Fuzzy Entropy for dynamic complexity.
Behavioral assessments were conducted pre- and post-intervention.

Main Results:

Microstate B temporal features correlated significantly with social relating deficits in children with ASD.
rTMS intervention led to significant enhancements in static functional connectivity strength across the brain.
Dynamic complexity of brain networks, measured by Fuzzy Entropy, increased significantly across all microstates following rTMS.
No significant interaction effects were observed in standard microstate temporal parameters.

Conclusions:

rTMS therapy for ASD appears to work by strengthening network integration and restoring neural flexibility, rather than altering the duration of specific brain states.
Network-based EEG metrics are valuable tools for understanding neuroplastic changes induced by neuromodulation in ASD.
These findings support rTMS as a potential therapeutic strategy for improving brain network function in children with ASD.