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Thermal Sigmatropic Reactions: Overview

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Sigmatropic rearrangements are a class of pericyclic reactions in which a σ bond migrates from one part of a π system to another. These are intramolecular rearrangements where the total number of σ and π bonds remain unchanged.
Sigmatropic shifts are classified based on an order term [i,&VeryThinSpace;j&VeryThinSpace;], where i and j indicate the number of atoms across which each end of the σ bond migrates. Below are examples of a [3,3] sigmatropic shift in 1,5-hexadiene, referred to as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

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Published on: May 29, 2018

Excited-State Pathway Switching via Reversible Structural Phase Transitions in Sb³⁺-Doped Cadmium Halides.

Zhe Tang¹, Binbin Fan¹, Chenxin Fan¹

¹Tianjin Key Laboratory of Life and Health Detection, Life and Health Intelligent Research Institute, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)

|May 9, 2026

Summary

Researchers developed new hybrid metal halides with Sb3+ doping for tunable luminescence. These materials show reversible structural changes and color emission switching, enabling applications in anti-counterfeiting and data encryption.

Keywords:

anti‐counterfeiting and information encryption cadmium‐based metal halides reversible structural phase transition solvent stimulation tunable emission

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Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

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Published on: May 15, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Photonic Applications
Hybrid Metal Halides

Background:

Controlling structural phase transitions and luminescence in hybrid metal halides is crucial for stimuli-responsive photonic devices.
Developing materials with reversible and tunable emission properties remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize new zero-dimensional (0D) cadmium-based metal halides.
To investigate the impact of antimony (Sb3+) doping on luminescence properties.
To explore the reversible structural and emission switching for advanced applications.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of (DFPD)6CdCl8 and (DFPD)2CdCl4·H2O with Sb3+ doping.
Spectroscopic studies (UV-Vis absorption, photoluminescence spectroscopy).
Theoretical calculations (density functional theory).
Chemical treatment with hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 4,4-difluoropiperidine (DFPD) for structural switching.

Main Results:

Sb3+ doping in (DFPD)6CdCl8 yields yellow emission from triplet self-trapped excitons (3STE).
Sb3+ doping in (DFPD)2CdCl4·H2O shows excitation-dependent emission due to competing singlet (1STE) and triplet (3STE) states.
Coordination geometry (octahedral vs. tetrahedral) dictates emission behavior.
Reversible structural interconversion between the two phases induced by HCl and DFPD.
Dynamic switching between yellow and deep-orange luminescence observed.

Conclusions:

Coordination environment in 0D hybrid metal halides significantly influences Sb3+ emission characteristics.
Reversible structural and luminescence switching is achievable through external stimuli.
Demonstrated potential for dynamic anti-counterfeiting and multilevel information encryption.
Established a coordination-structure-driven strategy for programmable emission in hybrid materials.