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Related Concept Videos

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
Silica Gel Column Chromatography: Overview01:10

Silica Gel Column Chromatography: Overview

Silica gel column chromatography is a technique for separating compounds using a column packed with silica gel as the stationary phase. This method relies on differences in the polarity of compounds. Based on their polarities, compounds move between the stationary phase (silica gel) and the mobile phase (the solvent), forming discrete bands in the column.
Polar components tend to bind strongly to the silica gel, causing them to move slowly through the column. In contrast, nonpolar compounds...
Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
Affinity Chromatography01:03

Affinity Chromatography

Affinity chromatography is a powerful technique extensively utilized for separating and purifying specific biomolecules from complex mixtures. It capitalizes on the highly selective binding between an analyte and its counterpart, such as antibody-antigen interactions. The counterpart is immobilized on the stationary phase, forming an affinity column. The stationary phase typically consists of solid support, such as agarose or porous glass beads, immobilizing the affinity ligand. The mobile...

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<sup>211</sup>At targeted alpha therapy in Europe: overcoming clinical, regulatory, and infrastructure challenges.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns
06:25

Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns

Published on: April 26, 2016

Reconsidering astatine-211 analytics: Retention effects in reversed-phase HPLC.

Swen Humpert1, Lucas Mues2, Nadia B Pedersen3

  • 1Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute of Neurosciences and Medicine, Nuclear Chemistry (INM-5), Wilhelm-Johnen-Str, 52428 Jülich, Germany; Institute of Radiochemistry and Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany.

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
|May 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is crucial for accurate analysis of astatine-211 in targeted alpha therapy. Alkaline mobile phases significantly improve astatine recovery, ensuring reliable radiopharmaceutical quality control.

Keywords:
Astatine-211RP-HPLCRadiochemical purityRecoverySpeciation

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A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample
11:17

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

Published on: June 1, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 11, 2026

Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns
06:25

Post Column Derivatization Using Reaction Flow High Performance Liquid Chromatography Columns

Published on: April 26, 2016

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample
11:17

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

Published on: June 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Nuclear chemistry
  • Radiopharmaceutical chemistry
  • Analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Astatine-211 is a promising radionuclide for targeted alpha therapy (TAT) in cancer treatment.
  • Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is essential for developing and quality controlling 211At-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
  • Accurate quantification of astatine is challenging due to its ultra-trace levels and complex chemical behavior.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the recovery of inorganic astatine under various redox and chromatographic conditions.
  • To identify optimal RP-HPLC conditions for reliable astatine quantification.
  • To assess the impact of different stationary phases and mobile phases on astatine recovery.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of four different HPLC columns with varying stationary phase chemistries.
  • Systematic testing of different mobile phase compositions, including varying pH and additives like triethylamine and trifluoroacetic acid.
  • Assessment of astatine recovery based on eluted activity under diverse chromatographic conditions.

Main Results:

  • Significant discrepancies in astatine recovery were observed when using standard RP-HPLC methods.
  • The highest and most consistent astatine recoveries (88-98%) were achieved with a basic mobile phase (0.4% triethylamine) and a base-tolerant stationary phase.
  • Standard solvent systems (acetonitrile/water with or without trifluoroacetic acid) yielded unsatisfactory and highly variable recoveries (7-79%).

Conclusions:

  • Optimized chromatographic conditions are necessary for accurate astatine quantification in radiopharmaceutical development.
  • Inadequate recovery of free astatine can lead to substantial misestimation of radiochemical conversion and purity.
  • Alkaline conditions appear to favorably alter astatine speciation and interactions, enhancing recovery.