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Indispensable roles of RBOH-mediated ROS production in development and morphogenesis of Marchantia polymorpha.

Yuto Yamashita¹, Yuki Hagiwara¹, Kenji Hashimoto¹

¹Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan.

Current Biology : CB

|May 9, 2026

Summary

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), produced by NADPH oxidases (RBOHs), are crucial for plant development. This study shows RBOHs are indispensable for Marchantia polymorpha morphogenesis, regulating cell proliferation and differentiation.

Keywords:

Marchantia polymorpha NADPH oxidase RBOHs ROS cell proliferation cell wall cuticle development differentiation meristem reactive oxygen species respiratory burst oxidase homologs

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Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Molecular Plant Science
Developmental Biology

Background:

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are vital signaling molecules in eukaryotes.
NADPH oxidases, or RBOHs, are the main producers of signaling ROS in plants.
The essential role of RBOH-derived ROS in plant development is unclear due to genetic redundancy in model systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the fundamental role of RBOH-derived ROS in plant morphogenesis.
To overcome genetic redundancy by studying the bryophyte Marchantia polymorpha with only two RBOH genes.
To demonstrate the indispensable function of RBOHs in plant development.

Main Methods:

Generated a complete null mutant for MpRBOHs in Marchantia polymorpha.
Analyzed single and double mutants, alongside complementation studies.
Utilized constitutive knockout, inducible knockdown, and pharmacological inhibition.
Conducted conditional knockout analyses and transcriptomic profiling.

Main Results:

The complete null mutant exhibited severe defects in morphogenesis, forming a disorganized cell mass.
MpRBOHs function partially redundantly in meristem-driven development.
RBOH-derived ROS positively regulate growth by promoting cell proliferation.
MpRBOHs are essential from early stages for maintaining cuticle-cell-wall integrity and organ differentiation.
The mutant showed a failure to activate cell-differentiation programs.

Conclusions:

RBOH-derived ROS are indispensable for normal plant morphogenesis.
This study reveals a fundamental role of RBOHs in coordinating physical integrity with cell differentiation during plant development.