Immunotherapy for Leiomyosarcoma: Current Status and Perspectives

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS), one of the soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs), has a relatively higher risk of distant metastasis. This has resulted in current first-line treatments still failing to deliver satisfactory outcomes, and the current treatment of LMS remains controversial and challenging. Therefore, it is worth thinking about how to guide and decide on the direction of treatment for LMS. In this review, we analyzed the immune microenvironment, gene expression, and molecular landscape of LMS, hinting at future research directions and prospects for LMS. We also analyzed the classical immunotherapy led by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), individualized immunotherapy such as cell therapy, and gene editing technologies, which bring better effect mechanisms and survival benefits, as well as opportunities and challenges for large-scale clinical applications.