Clinical applications of the amniotic membrane in pediatric ocular pathology: a scoping review

The amniotic membrane (AM), which is derived from the placenta and is composed of columnar epithelium, a basement membrane, and an avascular stroma, is commonly preserved through cryopreservation. Its biological properties-combining safety, versatility, and efficacy-have positioned it as an innovative therapeutic option in pediatric ophthalmology for multiple ocular pathologies.

To explore the available evidence on the clinical applications of the AM in pediatric ocular pathologies.

A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, using databases such as PubMed, LILACS, Scopus, SciELO, and EBSCO, without date restrictions. Sixteen studies published between 2002 and 2025 were included, encompassing retrospective studies, cohort studies, case reports, and narrative reviews. The evidence was categorized into general benefits, benign neoplasms, surface defects, severe hypersensitivity, cryptophthalmos, ocular trauma, and glaucoma.

The reviewed studies demonstrated that AM, owing to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antiangiogenic properties, is effective as a biological bandage in various pediatric ocular conditions. Its application promotes re-epithelialization, modulates inflammation, and improves healing. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to establish standardized protocols and validate their long-term effectiveness in this age group.

The use of the AM has shown promising results as a safe and effective intervention in pediatric ophthalmology, highlighting its therapeutic value in challenging, multifactorial clinical scenarios.