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Related Concept Videos

Production of Organic Acids01:25

Production of Organic Acids

Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...
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Acetoacetic ester synthesis is a method to obtain ketones from alkyl halides and β-keto esters. The reaction occurs in the presence of an alkoxide base that abstracts the acidic proton of the β-keto esters. The step results in an enolate ion which is doubly stabilized. The enolate then reacts with an alkyl halide via the SN2 process to produce an alkylated ester intermediate with a new C–C bond. The hydrolysis of the intermediate, followed by acidification, results in an alkylated β-keto acid.
Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis of Nitriles01:19

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Hydrolysis of Nitriles

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Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview01:31

Preparation of Carboxylic Acids: Overview

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Bioreactor Controls-II01:18

Bioreactor Controls-II

In aerobic fermentations, oxygen is vital for microbial growth and metabolite production. Since air comprises only about 20% oxygen and the gas is poorly soluble in water—just 9 ppm at 20°C—supplying sufficient oxygen becomes a critical challenge, especially in high-demand processes like yeast growth or citric acid production. Even a fully saturated broth may offer only a few seconds of oxygen availability.To address this, sterile or scrubbed air is introduced into the fermentor via a sparger...
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Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary amide...

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Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Acetal Formation During the Oxidation of Xylose to Formic Acid Catalysed by H<sub>5</sub>PV<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>10</sub>O<sub>40</sub> in Methanolic-Aqueous Solution.

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Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Medium-Chain Fatty Acids from Fermentation Broth Using Hollow-Fiber Membranes
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Enhancing Biogenic Formic Acid Production in the Modified OxFA Process by Acetonitrile Addition.

Jan-Dominik H Krueger1, Pegah Saedi1, Maximilian J Poller1

  • 1Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|May 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acetonitrile as a co-solvent enhances the OxFA process for converting xylose to formic acid (FA). This modification improves reaction kinetics and selectivity, offering a more sustainable chemical industry approach.

Keywords:
DFT calculationsOxFA processacetonitrilebiomass oxidationlabeling experimentspolyoxometalatepulse EPR spectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Sustainable chemistry
  • Biomass valorization
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Developing efficient biomass transformation techniques is crucial for a sustainable chemical industry.
  • The OxFA process offers a promising route for producing short-chain carboxylic acids, such as formic acid (FA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of co-solvents on the HPA-2 catalyzed oxidation of xylose to FA.
  • To compare the performance of acetonitrile and methanol as co-solvents in the modified OxFA process.

Main Methods:

  • Homogeneous catalysis using HPA-2 (H5PV2Mo10O40)
  • Spectroscopic investigations (51V-NMR, UV-vis)
  • Electrochemical studies (SWV)
  • Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) measurements
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations

Main Results:

  • Acetonitrile as a co-solvent demonstrated superior performance compared to methanol in the modified OxFA process.
  • Improved reaction kinetics and high selectivity for FA production were observed with acetonitrile.
  • Spectroscopic and computational studies revealed direct interactions between co-solvents and the HPA-2 catalyst.

Conclusions:

  • Acetonitrile addition enhances both the kinetics and selectivity of xylose oxidation to FA.
  • The findings provide new insights for optimizing the OxFA technology towards higher productivity.
  • This study contributes to advancing industrially viable biomass valorization processes.