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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...

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Updated: May 12, 2026

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes
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Reprogramming regulatory T cell plasticity for cancer immunotherapy.

Mark E Issa1, Alejandro Schcolnik-Cabrera2, Rosanna Monetta3

  • 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Reviews on Cancer
|May 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) can be reprogrammed to fight cancer. Harnessing Treg plasticity offers a safer alternative to depletion for enhancing anti-tumor immunity.

Keywords:
Antitumor immunityImmune infiltrationImmune phenotypesTreg cellsTreg plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Cellular Plasticity

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) suppress anti-tumor immunity, promoting cancer progression.
  • Conventional Treg depletion strategies face clinical limitations due to side effects and lack of specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore Treg plasticity as a novel therapeutic strategy against cancer.
  • To highlight molecular drivers of Treg plasticity for targeted interventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging evidence on Treg plasticity in cancer.
  • Analysis of transcription factors (T-bet, RORγt) and cytokine production (IFN-γ, IL-17) in plastic Tregs.
  • Examination of metabolic shifts (glucose, glutamine) influencing Treg function.

Main Results:

  • Tregs exhibit plasticity, adopting inflammatory phenotypes in response to tumor microenvironment cues.
  • Treg plasticity involves changes in transcription factors, cytokine profiles, and metabolism.
  • Plasticity can either impair Treg suppressive function or enhance anti-tumor inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Leveraging Treg plasticity offers a promising, safer approach than Treg depletion for cancer therapy.
  • Understanding Treg plasticity mechanisms is key to developing novel immunotherapies.
  • Harnessing Treg plasticity can enhance anti-tumor immunity and improve current cancer treatments.